3 Things To Know About Minimally Invasive Colorectal Surgery

Reducing intraoperative surgery pain is the main goal of minimally invasive surgery. And, with more than 5.25 million in the world suffering from colorectal cancer, the need for minimally invasive colorectal surgery is rising.

Thanks to advances in science and medicine, patients with colorectal cancer no longer have to worry about painful and scarring incisions to have a tumour removed from the colon or rectum.

1. What Is Minimally Invasive Colorectal Surgery?

Minimally invasive or laparoscopic surgery differs from traditional open surgery by involving only a few tiny incisions. Doctors use microsurgical instruments and real-time imaging techniques for better outcomes.

This is a far cry from the larger and longer incisions in the past, which can potentially increase health risks and recovery times for patients.

Colorectal surgeons expand the abdomen using carbon dioxide gas during a minimally invasive surgery or a laparoscopy. Afterwhich, they insert a small hollow tube with a small scope or camera attached to one end.

These laparoscopic techniques allow surgeons to accurately view the abdomen’s interior, rectum, or colon, through an external monitor.

2. When Is Minimally Invasive Colorectal Surgery Performed?

A patient suffering from colorectal symptoms or conditions such as colon cancer or appendicitis is recommended to undergo minimally invasive surgery whenever possible.

This treatment involves using technologically sophisticated equipment, resulting in faster recovery and fewer health risks.

Other benefits of minimally invasive colorectal surgery include:

Less pain after the operation
Less blood loss
Shorter stay in the hospital
Decreased risk of contracting an infection
Reduced risk of developing hernia (abdominal protrusions) after the surgery.

Several symptoms may suggest that a person is dealing with a colorectal condition:

Bleeding in the stool
Chronic constipation
Pain in the abdomen
Abdominal distension and bloating
Unexplained weight loss
Change in bowel movement/habits

3. What To Expect After Undergoing Minimally Invasive Colorectal Surgery?

Although minimally invasive techniques are less intrusive than traditional open surgery, patients still need ample time to recover.

Here are some considerations after undergoing a minimally invasive procedure:

Recovery Time – Minimally invasive colorectal surgery can cut recovery time by 50% compared to traditional surgery. Patients can resume daily activities and return to work usually as soon as 2-6 weeks after the procedure.
Hospital Stay – Your surgeon will decide how long you should spend time recovering in the hospital after surgery. In general, laparoscopic surgery reduces hospital stay by one day.
Scarring – As mentioned, minimally invasive surgery aims to reduce or decrease scarring on the patient’s body. Small incisions are usually 0.5 to 1.0 cm long.
Discomfort and Pain – As minimally invasive surgery requires smaller incisions, it naturally causes less pain to the patient. There is less trauma on unrelated tissues and muscles in the patient’s body. Their surgeon recommends a personalised pain management treatment plan to deal with potential discomfort.

Conclusion About Minimally Invasive Colorectal Surgery

Minimally invasive colorectal surgery is a modern technique aiming to reduce scarring in patients who require surgical treatment for colorectal and abdominal cancers.

While open surgery is still practised, minimally invasive techniques are becoming more frequent, especially for patients with second thoughts about open surgery.

This is because minimally invasive procedures lead to only small incisions on the skin. Recovery times are faster, and patients can resume normal activities after a few weeks.

For more information on minimally invasive colorectal surgery, contact Dr QM Leong. He is a colorectal surgeon in Singapore specialising in:

Colorectal cancer treatment
Gallbladder removal
Hernia surgery
Gastroscopy
Colonoscopy
Abscess removal
Diagnosis of related colorectal diseases

He and his team of surgeons use only the latest techniques in minimally invasive surgery, ensuring fast recovery and minimal-to-no complications. Treatments are tailored to each patient’s medical requirements and lifestyle needs.

Frequently Asked Questions About
Minimally Invasive Colorectal Surgery

Yes. Laparoscopy is surgery done by one or more small incisions. Tiny cameras and surgical instruments are used to perform this minimally invasive surgery.

You may need to undergo keyhole or laparoscopic surgery for your doctor to diagnose various conditions in your abdomen or pelvis. Keyhole surgery may also be necessary to remove a diseased portion of an organ or get a tissue sample for a biopsy.

After colon surgery, the pain will often come and go post-op for the next few days. You may experience discomfort like bowel cramps or pain in the incision site.

What Is A Colonoscopy? 6 Crucial Facts To Understand

A colonoscopy is a medical procedure that involves the examination of the digestive system, particularly the colon lining and rectum. This procedure is done to detect bowel irregularities and determine possible colorectal or colon cancer symptoms.

A colonoscopy is also performed to identify symptoms such as bleeding or the presence of colon polyps.

1. What Happens During A Colonoscopy?

A colonoscopy starts with a doctor inserting a colonoscope or a tiny flexible tube with a scope (camera) attached to the end.

This tube passes through the rectum and into the colon (the largest part of the large intestine), allowing the doctor to view the patient’s colon and detect any abnormalities or pathological changes.

Aside from examination, the doctor may also conduct a colonoscopy to gather a tissue sample (also known as a biopsy) or remove an abnormal tissue.

Gastrointestinal symptoms, colorectal cancer, abdominal pain, and other changes in bowel habits are also determined through a colonoscopy.

A colonoscopy procedure will usually culminate after 30 to 60 minutes. However, doctors may recommend that patients allocate at least 2 hours before and after a colonoscopy to prepare and recover.

Patients may have a few hesitations before undergoing a colonoscopy. However, the doctor will reassure them that this is a safe procedure with minimal-to-no complications.

First, the doctor will administer anaesthesia, sedatives, or pain medicine intravenously. Healthcare professionals will monitor your vital signs and ensure you’re comfortable throughout the colonoscopy.

Then, the doctor performs air or carbon dioxide insufflation, which allows them a better view of the patient’s bowels.

Insufflation refers to the process of inflating the colon. It’s an indispensable step in a colonoscopy, allowing the doctor to pass the scope through the organ without injuring the patient’s gastrointestinal wall.

During a colonoscopy, the doctor may need to perform a biopsy to remove polyps or abnormal tissue.

2. How To Prepare For A Colonoscopy?

Patients due for a colonoscopy will be provided ample time to prepare for the procedure. Their doctors will require them to undergo bowel preparation to ensure success and prevent repeat colonoscopies.

Bowel preparation before a colonoscopy generally involves changing a patient’s dietary habits. These changes prevent the accumulation of undigested food in the bowel, which may make it difficult for the doctor to visualise the colon and rectum.

These are some dietary instructions that a colorectal doctor may prescribe a patient before undergoing a colonoscopy:

Eat light meals – A day before the colonoscopy, the patient will need to eat light meals for breakfast and lunch (no dinner). They may also need to adopt a liquid-only diet.
Ingest laxatives – The patient may also be required to take laxatives a day before or on the morning of the colonoscopy.
Drink clear liquids – The patient needs to drink only broth, water, tea, and black coffee prior to a colonoscopy.
Take an enema – An enema refers to the insertion of liquid into the rectum, which allows the body to remove any residual waste in the bowels. The liquid is often a water-based solution that contains a small dose of stool softener.
Follow a low-fibre diet – A low-fibre or low-residue diet means eating foods easily digested and absorbed in your body. This results in less stool passage. Low-fibre food includes white bread, biscuits, white rice, cornflakes, and skinless potatoes.

Talk to your doctor if you are taking any medications or supplements before undergoing a colonoscopy. The doctor may require you to stop taking them temporarily or to adjust your dosage accordingly.

Tell your doctor if you have other health conditions requiring you to take blood-thinning medicines, medication for diabetes, heart problems, or iron-containing medication.

These medicines can potentially increase your risk of bleeding during the colonoscopy, or they may react to the sedatives or anaesthesia administered by your doctor.

3. What Happens After A Colonoscopy?

After a colonoscopy, your doctor will direct you to a recovery room where you will rest until the anaesthesia or sedatives wear off after a few hours.How long you’ll stay will depend on the sedation and the kind of pain medicine you were given.

It is normal to feel mild cramping, bloating, gas, and discomfort after the procedure, but these should go away quickly or within 24 hours after the colonoscopy.

Follow the doctor’s instructions carefully regarding colonoscopy recovery. For instance, you will be advised by a healthcare provider on when you can drink and eat solid food after the procedure.

Suppose you’ve undergone colorectal cancer screening wherein your doctor performs a biopsy. In that case, you will be informed of when the results will be available and whether or not you require further testing.

If your doctor removes polyps or abnormal tissue (during a colon cancer diagnosis), you will be informed of any temporary dietary changes you need to follow.

Don’t be alarmed if you discover small traces of blood during your first bowel movement after the colonoscopy, as it is normal. However, it’s advised to consult with your doctor immediately if you find blood clots in your stool.

4. Why Is A Colonoscopy Necessary?

A colonoscopy is the primary method by which doctors examine potential colon cancer symptoms such as:

Rectal bleeding
Constipation
Stomach pain
Diarrhoea
Tumours
Ulcerations
Inflammation
Colon polyps

A colonoscopy detects colorectal cancer in its early stages before the symptoms can develop. A colonoscopy screening is ultimately crucial, as it helps improve treatment outcomes for the patient.

Risk Factors For Developing Colon Cancer

The chances of getting colorectal cancer or colon cancer increase as you age. Some risk factors include:

Inflammatory bowel diseases (e.g. ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease
Presence of a genetic syndrome (e.g. familial adenomatous polyposis or hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer)

5. When Should I Undergo A Colonoscopy?

Anyone can take a colonoscopy screening, no matter their age. But it’s recommended you take one, especially if you have risk factors which can increase your likelihood of developing colorectal cancer.

Nevertheless, regular screening is recommended for individuals aged 45 and above. Adults aged between 50 and 75 are also recommended to undergo a colonoscopy once every 10 years. This frequency may increase depending on other lifestyle and health factors.

6. What Happens If The Doctor Finds Abnormal Tissue During A Colonoscopy?

If your doctor finds abnormal tissue, they will take a sample by removing the polyps and sending them to a laboratory for further analysis. This allows them to determine whether the polyps are benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous).

The doctor may also recommend a repeat colonoscopy, especially after removing polyps and other abnormal tissue.

Conclusion About What Is Colonoscopy

A colonoscopy is the primary screening method by which doctors diagnose the presence of abnormal tissue growth or colon cancer.

It’s a safe procedure involving inserting a flexible tube (attached to a scope) to assess the colon and rectum.

Get in touch with the best colorectal surgeon in Singapore, Dr QM Leong for more information. He specialises in advanced colorectal and general surgery.

His other services include cyst and anal fistula removal, gallbladder surgery, hernia surgery, hemorrhoids treatment, and diagnoses of other gastrointestinal issues in Singapore.

Frequently Asked Questions About
What Is Colonoscopy

The cost of a colonoscopy in Singapore can range between $800 and $2,600.

A colonoscopy uses an elongated tube with a scope to examine your digestive system. Meanwhile, a virtual colonoscopy (CT colonography) utilises a CT scan, allowing your doctor to view the cross-sections of your abdominal organs.

No, most patients don’t experience any pain during a colonoscopy.

You may need to wait two to three days before having a bowel movement after a colonoscopy. This is because your colon has been completely emptied before the procedure.

Yes. MediSave can be used for a screening colonoscopy, subject to the TOSP withdrawal limit and an additional $300 daily for day surgery fees.

Yes. Other alternatives for screening colon cancers include:

Stool tests
Flexible sigmoidoscopy
Virtual colonoscopy

What Are The Symptoms Of Appendicitis?

Appendicitis is an inflammation of the appendix. The appendix is a small organ attached to the large intestine. You may be wondering, can the appendicitis pain come and go? What are the symptoms of appendicitis? What’s the cause of appendicitis? How is appendicitis diagnosed?

In this article, we’ll talk about appendicitis, the symptoms, the causes, and treatment:

Signs And Symptoms You Feel When Having Appendicitis:

Appendicitis is characterised by pain in the lower right abdomen, typically beginning close to the navel. In the beginning, the pain may come and go and worsens over a few hours.

Indications that your abdominal pain is due to appendicitis:

Your discomfort starts abruptly, perhaps waking you from sleep.
Your pain gets worse when you move, cough, or breathe deeply.
Your discomfort is acute, but the abdominal pain is severe
Pain that suddenly develops near the navel and frequently transfers to the lower right abdomen.
sickness and vomiting
loss of appetite
Fever may become more severe as the illness advances.
Constipation or loose stools
Abdominal bloating
Flatulence

Depending on your age and the location of your appendix, the location of your discomfort may differ. Due to the elevated position of the appendix during pregnancy, the discomfort may begin in the upper abdomen.

What Causes Appendicitis?

The cause of appendicitis is unknown. According to medical professionals, it occurs when a portion of the appendix becomes obstructed, resulting in an infection. Rapid bacterial multiplication causes the appendix to become inflamed; if left untreated, the appendix ruptures.

Numerous factors can obstruct the appendix, including:

Accumulation of calcified stool
Intestinal nematodes
Traumatic injury
Cancer

If you have appendicitis, the symptoms won’t go away until you get treatment or surgery. If you or a loved one exhibits early symptoms of appendicitis, a medical emergency is needed.

The appendix might burst 48–72 hours after the onset of symptoms. The symptoms can pose significant health risks, especially if an infection causes appendicitis. A ruptured appendix can have the bacteria travel to the abdomen, causing severe abdominal pain, which will require a medical emergency.

Appendicitis can result in serious complications, including:

A perforated appendix. A rupture disperses infection throughout the abdominal cavity (peritonitis). This potentially life-threatening condition necessitates prompt appendectomy and abdominal cavity cleansing.
The accumulation of pus in the abdomen. If your appendix ruptures, you may have an infection pocket (abscess). A tube is inserted through the abdominal wall to drain the abscesses. The infection is treated with antibiotics while the tube remains in place for around two weeks.

Following the elimination of the infection, you will undergo appendectomy surgery. In some cases, the abscess is drained, and the appendix is removed right away.

Symptoms of a ruptured appendix include widespread abdominal pain, lower right abdominal pain, and a fever of approximately 104 degrees Fahrenheit.

Appendicitis symptoms can often mimic those of an ovarian cyst; knowing the difference is crucial.

How Are Appendicitis Diagnosed?

To aid in diagnosing appendicitis, your doctor will likely take a medical history and examine your abdomen.

Physical examination to evaluate your pain. Your physician might apply light pressure to the uncomfortable spot, and upon quick release of pressure, you might feel pain, which will indicate irritation of the adjacent peritoneum.

In addition, your physician may check for abdominal tightness and a tendency to tense abdominal muscles in reaction to pressure over the inflamed appendix (guarding). Your physician may use a gloved, lubricated finger to inspect your lower rectum (digital rectal exam). Women of childbearing age may undergo a pelvic examination to check for gynaecological issues that could be causing the pain.

Other medical procedures that can help in diagnosing Appendicitis:

Blood test. This enables your physician to examine your white blood cell count, which may suggest an infection.
Urine test. Your doctor may request a urinalysis to rule out a urinary tract infection or kidney stone as the source of your pain.
Imaging testing. Your physician may also order an abdominal X-ray, ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) scan, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to confirm appendicitis or identify alternative reasons for discomfort.

Understanding the stages of appendicitis can help identify symptoms early.

How Are Appendicitis Treated?

Appendicitis is often treated through surgical removal of the swollen appendix (appendectomy). Before surgery, antibiotics may be used to prevent infection.

Antibiotics may be used to treat appendicitis if the condition is mild enough. Appendicitis usually necessitates appendectomy, the surgical removal of the appendix. Although the appendix’s precise role is uncertain, the body may operate without it.

Appendectomy can be conducted as an open procedure through a 2 to 4-inch (5 to 10-centimetre) long abdominal incision (laparotomy). Alternatively, the procedure might be performed via a few minor abdominal incisions (laparoscopic surgery).

In general, laparoscopic surgery facilitates a quicker recovery with less discomfort and scars. It may be more beneficial for the elderly and obese.

However, laparoscopic surgery is not suited for many patients.

Suppose your appendix has ruptured, the infection has gone beyond the appendix, or you have an abscess. In that case, your surgeon may need to perform an open appendectomy to clean the abdominal cavity.

Expect to remain in the hospital for one or two days following your appendectomy.

Draining An Abscess Before Appendectomy

As an inflamed appendix ruptures, an abscess will form around it, but it can be drained by inserting a tube. Several weeks after eradicating an infection, an appendectomy can be performed.

Lifestyle And Natural Treatments

Expect a few weeks of recovery following an appendectomy or longer if your appendix ruptures. For your body’s healing:

Initially, avoid intense activities. If your appendectomy was performed laparoscopically, rest for three to five days. If you’ve had an open appendectomy, you should limit your activity for ten to fourteen days. Ask your doctor about activity restrictions and when you can resume typical activities following surgery.

When coughing, support your abdomen. To alleviate pain, place a cushion over your abdomen and apply pressure before you cough, laugh, or move.

Call your physician if your pain meds are ineffective. Pain adds stress to the body and slows down the healing process. Call your doctor if you are still in pain despite taking pain medication.

When you’re ready, get up and move. Start slowly and gradually raise your activity level as you feel able. Start with little strolls. Sleep when exhausted.

As your body heals, you may experience increased drowsiness. Take it easy and relax as necessary. Discuss returning to school or job with your physician.

You may return to work whenever you feel able. Children may be able to return to school after surgery in less than a week. Two to four weeks should pass before resuming vigorous activities, such as gym classes or sports.

Alternative Medicine

After your appendectomy, your doctor will prescribe drugs to help you manage your pain. Some complementary and alternative treatments can aid pain management using conventional drugs.

Ask your physician about safe alternatives such as listening to music and conversing with friends. Take your mind off your discomfort. Distraction can be particularly useful for children. Guided imagery, such as closing one’s eyes and visualising a beloved location can also help.

Conclusion About Symptoms Of Appendicitis

Make an appointment with your primary care physician if you experience abdominal pain. You will likely be hospitalised and referred to a surgeon for appendix removal if you have appendicitis.

Get in touch with Dr. QM Leong, or learn more about his specialisations in gallstone removal, anal fissures, hernia surgery, cyst removal, peptic ulcers, and other changes in bowel habits.

Frequently Asked Questions About
The Symptoms Of Appendicitis

Initially, the pain may come and go, but if appendicitis is the reason, it will worsen over a few hours.

Appendicitis can readily be mistaken with other conditions, including:

Gastroenteritis or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
Constipation
urinary tract or bladder infections (UTI)
Crohn’s disease

However, any illness that produces persistent stomach pain demands immediate medical care.

The majority of appendicitis cases occur between the ages of 10 and 30. Having a history of appendicitis in your family may increase your risk.

There’s no way to prevent appendicitis; however, people who eat fruits with high fibre are less likely to get appendicitis.

What You Should Know About Anal Fistulas: 6 Must-Read Facts

Anal fistulas are due to trauma, infection, inflammation or cancer. They are found around the rectum and sigmoid colon. Symptoms include pain during bowel movement, discharge from the affected area, bleeding, and abscess formation.

Doctors use several tests to diagnose anal fistulas, including endoscopy, ultrasound, MRI, CT, and biopsy. Treatment options depend upon the type of fistula. Surgery is often required to repair the damage done to the surrounding tissues. Here are the things to know about anal fistula:

1. What Are The Symptoms Of Anal Fistula?

An anal fistula is a medical condition wherein a small tunnel communicates between the skin and the rectum. Anal Fistula could occur due to trauma, inflammation, congenital defects, cancer, infections, inflammatory bowel disease, radiation therapy, surgery, childbirth, etc.

Symptoms of an anal fistula include:

Skin irritation around the anus
A constant, throbbing pain – especially during defecation
Smelly discharge from near your anus
Passing pus or blood in the stool
Difficulty controlling bowel movements

An anal fistula is a chronic disease with damage to the anal opening causing faecal matter to leak out of the body. It happens because of inflammation or infection in the anal area. Depending on how far the hole extends into the rectum, there are different types of fistulas.

Some fistulas don’t cause symptoms, while others do. If you notice blood coming from the toilet, it could mean you’re leaking stool. You might experience pain during bowel movements or be unable to control your bowels. Other symptoms include fever, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, fatigue, and abdominal cramps.

2. What Causes Anal Fistulas?

Fistula are most commonly caused by an infection at the perianal region. As the infection progresses, the pus tends to erupt at the skin and at the rectum, causing an abnormal communication between the rectum and the perianal skin.

The most common type of fistula is called cryptoglandular. It happens when faecal matter leaks out of the intestines. It forms under the skin and connects to another part of the body. Cryptoglandular fistulas usually affect women.

3. How Are Anal Fistulas Diagnosed?

People who experience anal fistulas might notice blood in the toilet paper or the stool. They might feel pain during bowel movements. Some people might even see pus coming out of the anus. These symptoms are common among people who suffer from anal fistulas.

If you experience any of these signs, it is important to seek medical attention immediately. Doctors often ask questions about your personal health history before diagnosing an anal fistula.

Doctors also look into the severity of your symptoms. For example, if you have frequent diarrhoea, you probably have a mild anal fistula. On the other hand, if you have severe pain while passing stool, you probably have severe complications.

A colonoscopy is required for diagnosis. During a colonoscopy, doctors examine the entire digestive system. In addition, they check for polyps, tumours, ulcers, and inflammation. Colonoscopies are performed once every ten years. However, some people require multiple colonoscopies throughout their lifetime.
Fistula probe. A lengthy and slender probe is inserted into the fistula through the fistula’s external orifice. To locate the opening of a fistula, a specialised dye may be injected into the patient.
Anoscope. Anoscope is a specialized scope inserted into your anal canal to view and detect the fistula.
MRI. The best imaging modality for the preoperative evaluation of individuals with anal fistulas is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI aids in correctly displaying illness progression and determining prognosis. This, in turn, facilitates decision-making about and monitoring of therapy.

4. Management and Treatment

Fistulas often occur in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn’s disease and Ulcerative Colitis. They usually form because of ulcers caused by inflammation. The treatment of choice depends on where the fistula is located and how much it drains. In most cases, surgery is necessary.

5. Diagnosis and Tests

An anal fistula is usually found during routine pelvic exams. A fistula is a hole that connects one part of the body to another.

6. Would A Follow-Up Treatment Be Necessary For An Anal Fistula?

Anal fistula are abnormal passages that form inside the anus and they can happen to anyone. Anal fistula usually does not heal without surgery

However, there are certain situations where surgical correction is required. Patients with recurrent fistula, those with complex fistula, and those with persistent symptoms despite appropriate medical management are candidates for surgical intervention.

The goal of surgery is to close the fistula. The surgery can be done by creating a permanent opening in the intestine, cutting out the diseased tissue, and sewing up the hole.

A surgeon will typically perform both procedures during one operation. If the patient requires additional surgeries, he or she will likely undergo multiple operations over time.

Conclusion About Anal Fistulas

Anal abscesses are painful infections inside the rectum. They usually occur due to bacterial infection and inflammation. If you develop one, it could become infected, causing pain and swelling around the anal area.

You might notice blood coming out of the anus and/or pus. These conditions can cause severe discomfort and require medical attention.

Contact Dr. QM Leong to know more about anal fistulas. Get a medical recommendation plan of action if needed, if symptoms occur such as: hemorrhoids, peptic ulcers, gastritis, and other gastrointestinal diseases.

Frequently Asked Questions About Anal Fistulas

A condition called an anal fistula doesn’t often indicate cancer. However, a fistula can develop into cancer if it is not treated.

Most anal fistulas can heal and close, only to reappear at a later time. Fistulas, in most cases, do not heal on their own without surgical treatment.

If you think you could have an anal fistula, you shouldn’t wait to see a medical professional. Your fistula will not be treated by the care you receive at home.

Since no medicines can help, surgery is the gold-standard treatment for Anal Fistula.

For a simple fistula that isn’t too close to the anal area, the doctor will cut open the skin and muscle around the tunnel. Thus, making it possible for the wound to heal from the inside out.

For a fistula that is more complicated, the doctor might put a seton, a tube, into the opening. Before surgery, this helps drain the infected fluid. It could take at least six weeks.

Depending on the fistula, your doctor may have to cut into the muscles that open and close your anus. Note that it may be harder to control your bowels after the procedure.

What You Need To Know About Colon Cancer Symptoms in Singapore

Infographic on early symptoms of colon cancer in Singapore.

Colon cancer is a disease characterised by abnormal tumour growth in the colon or rectum (bowel). The colon refers to the large intestine, while the rectum is the passageway connecting the colon to the anus. In Singapore, irregular bowel movements can be early indicators of colon cancer.

The first signs and symptoms of colon cancer start as a polyp or a benign and non-cancerous growth on the intestine lining. When left untreated, it will metastasise or develop into abnormal growth.

A colonoscopy screening test in Singapore is the best possible way to identify colon cancer symptoms early. Screening tests can also help detect colon cancer early when it is still treatable.

What Are The Symptoms Of Colon Cancer?

Most people do not know they have colon cancer until the condition is at a more advanced stage. Colon cancer typically doesn’t show any symptoms in the early stages of the disease. When the symptoms appear, they vary from patient to patient, depending on the size of the growth and location in the large intestine. Continuous abdominal pain in Singapore might be a symptom of colon cancer.

Nevertheless, there are a few critical symptoms of colon cancer you should watch out for:

Bleeding in the rectum or blood in the stool
Persistent pain in the abdomen, including cramps, pain, or gas
Full feeling in the bowel that doesn’t empty out
Unexplained weight loss
Feeling exhausted or weakness
Recurring stomach cramps, bloatedness, or gas pains

Unexplained anemia and a consistent feeling of fatigue were significant clues in ‘how I knew I had colon cancer,’ prompting further diagnostic tests.

Detecting symptoms of colon cancer through methods like colonoscopy can save lives.

Understanding Colon Cancer Staging

After a doctor diagnoses a patient with colon cancer, they will try to determine if the cancer has spread and to what extent. This entire process is known as colon cancer staging. Understanding colon cancer staging is key for effective treatment planning.

Each stage of colon cancer describes the level of cancer in the body. It determines the severity of the tumour and allows doctors to find the best ways to treat it. Doctors also use the stages of cancer when describing survival statistics. Knowing colon cancer staging helps patients make informed treatment decisions.

In colon cancers, the earliest stage is called stage 0. It ranges from stages I through IV (1 to 4). In principle, the earlier the stage, the less the cancer has spread.

Each colon cancer varies from patient to patient. However, cancers in similar stages generally have a similar outlook and often require the same level of treatment.

Here are the stages of colon cancer:

Stage 0: The cancer is still in the colon or rectum’s inner layer. It is referred to as carcinoma in situ.
Stage 1: The cancer has spread into the inner layer. It has not yet spread to the wall of the colon or the rectum.
Stage 2: The cancer is already in the colon and rectum’s wall.
Stage 3: The cancer has spread throughout the first two layers of the rectal wall (mucosa and submucosa) or colon. It may have also reached the third layer (muscularis propria). Cancer cells may already have been present near the lymph nodes.
Stage 4: The cancer has spread from the colon area towards organs and tissues. Colon cancer usually spreads to the liver. However, it may also spread to other organs, like the brain, lungs, abdominal cavity lining (peritoneum), or distant lymph nodes.
Recurrent: Recurrent colorectal cancer means it has come back after disappearing for at least one year. In more advanced colorectal cancers, it may return in just a few months. This may mean that the first round of chemotherapy has not been able to remove all of the cancer cells.

Risk Factors Of Colon Cancer

Risk factors refer to anything that increases your chance of getting a disease, like cancer. Some risk factors are hereditary, while others, such as smoking, can be changed.

Having a risk factor, however, does not necessarily mean you will have the disease. Additionally, some people who get colon cancer may not have any known risks.

Risk factors of colon cancer may include:

Age – People 50 and above tend to be at a higher risk of developing cancer. The majority of colorectal cancer cases are diagnosed in individuals of that age.
Weight – Overweight or obese individuals are at a higher risk of developing and dying from colorectal cancer. The risk is the same in men and women, but it seems to be far stronger in men. Following a healthy lifestyle and maintaining a good diet may help lower the risk.
Medical history of polyps – Individuals with colorectal polyps are also at high risk. The polyps may potentially develop into colorectal cancer.
Medical history of cancer – Individuals who have had colorectal cancer before and women who have had ovarian, endometrial, or breast cancer may also face a higher risk.
Inflammatory bowel disease – Chronic inflammatory intestinal diseases like ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease (colon inflammation) may also increase the risk of developing colorectal cancer.
Smoking and alcohol intake – This is also a high-risk factor for cancers and colorectal cancer.

Early detection of colon cancer symptoms may also involve monitoring the growth of colon polyps.

How To Reduce The Risk Of Developing Colon Cancer

The most effective way to reduce your risk of colorectal disease is to undergo screening, starting at age 45. Regular screening significantly increases the chances of early detection and successful treatment outcomes, as opposed to seeking medical attention only after colon cancer symptoms develop.

Below are also other healthy habits to follow:

Exercise regularly
Reduce consumption of vices like smoking and alcohol
Eat fruits, vegetables, and whole grain foods
Consume less red meat and processed meats

Early detection, which hinges on recognizing the symptoms of colon cancer in Singapore, can greatly improve treatment outcomes. Increased awareness of the symptoms of colon cancer in Singapore has led to earlier diagnoses and better prognosis for many.

How Do Doctors Diagnose Colon Cancer

Detecting cancer cells and precancerous polyps can be done through screening tests. These are recommended for people aged 50 and above.

Once symptoms appear, doctors will recommend diagnostic tests to confirm if it is colon cancer, determine its staging and identify the most effective treatment.

The following tests are often used to diagnose colorectal cancer:

Sigmoidoscopy

A sigmoidoscope is a small tube inserted into the anus, passing through the rectum and into the sigmoid colon. Sigmoidoscopy helps detect polyps or colon cancer. A colonoscopy may be recommended if either is detected.

Colonoscopy

Like sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy involves a tube with a tiny camera attached to the end. This allows the doctor to examine the entire length of the colon and rectum. A doctor can remove polyps or get tissue samples for further tests through a colonoscopy.

Faecal Occult Blood Test

A faecal occult blood test or FOBT is a lab test to examine stool samples. It checks for blood in the faeces or stool, but a positive result may not necessarily be sufficient to confirm a colorectal cancer diagnosis.

CT Colonography

Also known as virtual colonoscopy, CT colonography involves x-ray equipment to examine the large intestine for cancer and colon polyps.

Barium Enema

A barium enema is another x-ray exam that detects abnormalities in the large intestine or colon. It’s also referred to as a colon x-ray.

An enema is the injection of liquid into the rectum through a small tube. The liquid contains barium, a metallic substance coating the colon lining. This allows for more detailed imaging of the inner lining of the colon.

Treatment For Colon Cancer

40% of colon cancer cases occur at an advanced stage, wherein surgery is the best option. Laparoscopic or keyhole surgery can be performed in such cases of early to mid-stage cancers.

Open surgery is needed to completely remove the tumour and affected lymph nodes for the more advanced colorectal cancer. Open surgery may be done for emergencies, like a tumour obstruction.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy involves using specific drugs to help destroy cancer cells, especially if they have spread to the lymph nodes. This treatment may also be recommended pre-surgery to shrink the tumour.

Targeted Therapy

Targeted therapy targets specific cancer cell abnormalities. It is usually done for the more advanced colon cancer.

Radiation Therapy

Using high-energy X-rays and protons, radiation therapy helps destroy cancer cells or shrink tumours before surgery. This treatment may be used alongside chemotherapy.

Conclusion About Colon Cancer Symptoms

Colon cancers start as benign growths on the rectal lining. The best way to prevent colorectal cancer is to undergo a screening test. This helps determine any potential presence of abnormalities.

Early signs that often go unnoticed are pivotal in ‘how I knew I had colon cancer,’ including subtle weight loss and changes in bowel habits. Persistent abdominal pain and rectal bleeding are crucial indicators in ‘how I knew I had colon cancer,’ leading many to seek medical evaluation.

If you’re worried about colon cancer and want professional advice regarding cancer treatment, seek the help of Dr QM Leong, an experienced colorectal surgeon in Singapore. You can inquire about the cost of a colonoscopy as well as what to expect during the procedure.

Get in touch with him, or learn more about his specialisations in gallstone removal, anal fissures, hernia surgery, cyst removal, peptic ulcers, and other changes in bowel habits.

Frequently Asked Questions
About Symptoms Of Colon Cancer In Singapore

Symptoms often do not manifest until the cancer has grown or spread, so regular screening is crucial for early detection. When colon cancer symptoms do appear, it can indicate that the cancer is in a more advanced stage.

Some individuals might seek medical attention promptly and receive a diagnosis within weeks, while others may delay seeking help, leading to a more extended period before diagnosis. On average, it can take several weeks to months from the initial appearance of symptoms to a confirmed colon cancer diagnosis, depending on the individual’s responsiveness to symptoms and access to medical care.

Individuals with colon cancer often realise their symptoms could be serious when they experience persistent changes in their bowel habits, notice blood in their stool, or feel unexplained and prolonged abdominal discomfort. Significant weight loss without a clear cause and persistent fatigue can also prompt individuals to seek medical advice.

Common misconceptions about colon cancer symptoms among Singaporeans might include the belief that only older individuals or those with a family history are at risk. Others might assume that symptoms are due to less serious conditions like haemorrhoids or irritable bowel syndrome. There is also a tendency to ignore or downplay symptoms due to embarrassment or lack of awareness about the seriousness of the condition.

Diet and lifestyle are significant in the risk and manifestation of colon cancer symptoms. A diet high in red and processed meats and low in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can increase the risk. Additionally, a sedentary lifestyle, obesity, smoking, and heavy alcohol use are risk factors. Conversely, a balanced diet rich in fibre, regular exercise, keeping a healthy weight, and avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol can reduce the risk and contribute to overall colon health.

What Is Keyhole Surgery? 7 Things You Must Know

Keyhole surgery is a minimally invasive surgery involving much smaller cuts. In this technique, the surgeon makes a small incision on the skin to perform a procedure on the body.

1. What To Expect During A Keyhole/Laparoscopic Surgery Procedure

The surgeon uses a laparoscope, a small imaging instrument, during a laparoscopy. It consists of a small light source and a camera, which projects images of the abdominal cavity or pelvis to a monitor.

Surgeons may also insert other instruments through the tiny incisions to conduct other medical procedures.

Below is a more detailed, step-by-step illustration of a typical laparoscopy/keyhole surgery:

Step 1: The surgeon makes a small cut of about 0.5 to 1.0 cm on the abdomen (usually near the belly button)
Step 2: The surgeon inserts a small tube pumped with carbon dioxide gas. It inflates the abdomen, giving the surgeon more visibility into the organs. It also allows them more room to work.
Step 3: The laparoscope is inserted through the tube. It provides clear imaging on a monitor for the surgeon.
Step 4: After examination, the surgeon airs out the carbon dioxide from the abdominal area. They stitch the incisions together to close the cuts and apply a dressing afterwards.

2. Why Is Keyhole Surgery Done?

Laparoscopic or keyhole surgery is done to examine the abdomen and pelvis of a female. Doctors perform this surgery to determine the presence of and diagnose specific medical conditions.

Keyhole surgery is also done to take out damaged or deceased internal organs.

Compared to traditional open surgery, keyhole surgery allows the patient to recover faster. Potential scarring and haemorrhaging are also prevented, thanks to only minor cuts on the body.

3. Medical Conditions Diagnosed Through Keyhole Surgery

Patients undergo keyhole surgery to allow the surgeon to diagnose and treat several conditions. It’s often used in:

Urology – This is a branch of healthcare dealing with diseases in the urinary tract (ureters, bladder, and urethra). A laparoscopy can help identify any benign or malignant tumours in these organs.
Gynaecology – Gynecologic laparoscopy involves the examination of the pelvic region. Surgeons perform this to diagnose health conditions like endometriosis or fibroids. Doctors can perform ovarian cyst removal, tubal ligation, or a hysterectomy.
Gastroenterology – A laparoscopy can also help diagnose digestive issues. It can help treat and study conditions affecting the digestive system.

Surgeons often resort to laparoscopy if non-invasive diagnostic techniques, like Computed Tomography (CT) scans or ultrasounds, don’t produce a conclusive diagnosis. Keyhole surgery can treat conditions such as:

Female infertility
Abdominal or pelvic pain
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Gallbladder inflammation
Gallstones
Ectopic pregnancy

Sometimes a keyhole surgery may be performed to allow the doctor to get a small tissue sample from a specific area. Through laboratory analysis, they can identify the presence of cancerous or non-cancerous growths.

4. Benefits Of Keyhole Surgery

Since skin openings heal much faster in keyhole surgeries than in invasive procedures, it presents multiple benefits to patients:

Faster recovery times
Less noticeable scars

It can be performed on almost any part of the body, including:

Lungs
Head and neck
The base of the skull
Spine
Joints
Pelvis
Abdomen

5. How To Prepare For Keyhole Surgery

Keyhole surgery may seem daunting, especially for first-time patients. The surgical team will advise them on how to prepare, helping ease their minds on the operation.

The preparation for keyhole surgery varies, but in general, a patient is expected to:

Avoid eating or drinking anything about 6 to 12 hours before the procedure.
Don’t take blood-thinning medication or anticoagulants like aspirin or warfarin a few days beforehand. This is so that excessive bleeding is avoided during surgery.
Stop smoking at least a few days beforehand. Smoking could cause a delay in the recovery process and possibly increase the risk of infection.
Follow the surgeon’s advice on bathing or shaving before the day of the surgery.
Don’t apply any makeup or perfume.

Any other concerns regarding a laparoscopy must be communicated with the surgeon. This is to ensure the procedure is as smooth-sailing as possible.

6. Keyhole Surgery Recovery

The recovery time for keyhole surgery varies. For instance, if the surgery was done for diagnostic purposes, a patient can expect to recover within 5 to 7 days.

However, if the surgery involved the removal of a portion of an organ, recovery may take between 2 and 12 weeks.

For keyhole surgery performed on the abdomen, patients may expect a slight discomfort in the shoulder and back area. This is due to the gas used to expand the abdominal cavity during the procedure. The pain will usually go away after a few days.

Soreness and fatigue at the incision site are also common. For example, a patient may experience a sore throat if the surgery involves passing a tube down their oesophagus. They may take sore throat relief medication, as advised by the surgeon.

You must report persisting pain or discomfort that lasts well beyond several days to the surgeon. There may have been complications in the surgery. It’s best to treat them early to prevent infections, bleeding, bruising, or organ damage.

7. Possible Complications After Keyhole Surgery

It’s advisable to seek immediate medical advice if you experience any of these symptoms within 24 hours after the operation:

High fever of 38°C and above
Chills
Nausea and severe vomiting
Abnormal vaginal discharge or bleeding
Painful burning sensation when urinating
Pain and bruising in the legs
Recurring abdominal pain

Conclusion

A keyhole surgery or laparoscopy is a minimally invasive surgery involving tiny incisions on the body. It treats and diagnoses conditions in the abdomen, pelvis, spine, chest, and oesophagus.

While it does have a faster recovery time, there may be complications resulting from a laparoscopy. If you’re considering a laparoscopy over open surgery, consult with an experienced surgeon to discuss your other options.

For more information on laparoscopies and keyhole surgeries, contact Dr QM Leong. He is a professional colorectal surgeon in Singapore who specialises in treating hemorrhoids, colorectal cancer, gallstones, peptic ulcers, diverticular disease, and other changes in bowel habits.

Frequently Asked Questions About Keyhole Surgery

Patients undergoing a laparoscopic or keyhole procedure can often expect up to four 0.5 to 1.0 cm cuts on their skin.

No. Patients will be administered general anaesthesia to remain unconscious throughout the procedure.

After surgery, patients must take time to rest and recover to prevent tears and complications. They must avoid engaging in strenuous exercise and activities, such as:

Lifting weights
Riding bikes
Jogging
Driving a car

It depends. A keyhole or laparoscopic surgery may be better than open surgery for removing cysts and tumours. But an open surgery offers better treatment for chronic diseases that have caused significant tissue or muscle damage.

Understanding Colonoscopy Cost in Singapore: 2024 Comprehensive Guide

2024 guide to colonoscopy cost in Singapore

What is Colonoscopy Screening?

A colonoscopy is a medical and diagnostic procedure that allows doctors to identify rectal and colorectal abnormalities. In a colonoscopy, a flexible tube known as a colonoscopy is inserted into the rectum. This tube is usually ½-inch in diameter with a camera attached at the end. If you’re considering this procedure, it is best to know the cost of a colonoscopy in Singapore.

Understanding Colonoscopy and its Cost In Singapore

In Singapore, you can choose to have a colonoscopy at a public hospital or through private practice. The cost of colonoscopy in public hospitals is typically cheaper compared to private practices. However, a private clinic offers more personal and faster access to the required services.

Wherever you choose to have your colonoscopy, you may expect to spend around $800 to $2,600. This price range is already inclusive of screening and surgery costs after that.

Fortunately, Singapore’s national medical savings scheme, MediSave, can cover part of the costs of a colonoscopy wherever recommended. You will not have to worry about covering the bulk of these medical costs during a screening.

For screening purposes, guidelines often recommend colonoscopy every ten years starting at age 50 for average-risk individuals. This interval allows for detecting and removing precancerous polyps before they develop into cancer. However, screening recommendations can vary based on individual risk factors and medical history.

For individuals with a family history of colorectal cancer or certain genetic conditions predisposing them to the disease, earlier and more frequent screenings may be advised. This personalised approach helps identify potential risks earlier and enables timely intervention to reduce the likelihood of developing colorectal cancer.

Healthcare providers assess each patient’s specific risk factors to determine the most appropriate screening schedule according to their individual health needs. Regular discussions with a specialist can ensure that screening strategies are effectively personalised for optimal health outcomes.

For those without health insurance, the cost of colonoscopy in Singapore can be quite high, especially if additional treatments or biopsies are needed during the procedure. Understanding the cost of colonoscopy in Singapore is essential for planning your healthcare expenses, especially if regular screenings are required for high-risk individuals.

Factors Affecting The Price of Colonoscopy

Type of facility
Private clinics typically charge more due to shorter waiting times and more personalised colonoscopy services. In contrast, public hospitals in Singapore often have lower costs but might involve longer waiting periods.

Extent of the procedure
Colonoscopy costs can increase if polyp removal, biopsies, or other additional procedures are required during the colonoscopy.

Specialist’s experience and qualifications
More experienced and highly qualified specialists may price their colonoscopy services higher for their expertise.

Anaesthesia or sedation
The type and amount of anesthesia or sedation used can influence the price. More extensive or prolonged colonoscopy procedures may require more anesthesia, increasing the cost.

Post-procedure medications
Any required medications after the colonoscopy procedure, such as pain relievers or antibiotics, can add to the total cost.

It’s important to note that colonoscopy cost in Singapore can include additional expenses such as anesthesia, medication, and pre-procedure consultations, which can significantly affect the final bill. The colonoscopy price in Singapore is also influenced by several factors, including the type of facility you choose and the experience of the specialist performing the procedure.

Will the Cost of Colonoscopy Treatment/Surgery Be Covered By Insurance?

Whether the cost of colonoscopy treatment or surgery is covered by insurance depends on your specific health insurance plan and provider in Singapore. Many insurance policies cover colonoscopy as a preventive measure, especially for individuals over a certain age or those with a family history of colorectal cancer.

Many insurance providers in Singapore offer partial coverage for colonoscopies, which can help lower the colonoscopy cost in Singapore for patients. However, coverage can vary, and you should review the terms of your insurance policy or speak directly with your insurance provider. Some plans may cover the procedure fully, while others might only cover a portion, leaving the patient responsible for any co-payments or deductibles.

Can I Use Medisave for Colonoscopy Treatment/Surgery?

In Singapore, Medisave can be used to cover the costs of colonoscopy treatment or surgery, provided the treatment is deemed necessary by a medical professional.

Medisave is a medical savings scheme that helps Singaporeans pay for their healthcare expenses. Patients can use their Medisave funds for various outpatient and inpatient treatments, including colonoscopy, subject to certain withdrawal limits.

Please check with the healthcare provider for the specific conditions and limits applicable to using Medisave for a colonoscopy.

Conclusion On The Cost Of A Colonoscopy In Singapore

As mentioned, the cost of a colonoscopy in Singapore ranges from $800 to $2,600. With a colonoscopy screening, your doctor will know if you need treatment for rectal abnormalities or colorectal cancer. In some cases, early detection and prevention of colorectal conditions through a colonoscopy can offset the long-term healthcare costs, justifying the colonoscopy cost in Singapore.

By comparing the colonoscopy price in Singapore across different providers, patients can make informed choices based on their healthcare needs and financial situation. Health insurance coverage can play a big role in reducing the colonoscopy in Singapore’s price, especially if the policy includes preventive screenings. If you’re comparing the colonoscopy in Singapore’s price, it’s important to factor in costs for sedation, post-procedure consultations, and any potential follow-up treatments.

Are you looking for a colorectal surgeon in Singapore? Dr Q. M. Leong’s expertise in colonoscopy screenings, colorectal surgeries, haemorrhoids, peptic ulcers, and other gastrointestinal diseases can help. Get in touch with him now for a medical consultation. You may also enquire about other services and other colonoscopy screening costs.

Frequently Asked Questions On The Cost Of A Colonoscopy In Singapore

Yes. After government subsidies are deducted from your medical bill, a colonoscopy may cost an average of $1,500 in Singapore.

Average-risk individuals should be screened for colorectal cancer when they reach the age of 50 and above.

Yes, your doctor will show you the pictures he has taken during the colonoscopy. If polyps have been removed, your doctor will see you again for the histology results.

A colonoscopy procedure may seem daunting for some, but most individuals can tolerate it well. You will be given an intravenous injection to keep you relaxed and comfortable.

Author: Dr QM Leong